一、出臺(tai)背(bei)景
2016年12月29日，四川省(sheng)人民政府印發(fa)《土壤污染防治(zhi)行(xing)動計劃四川省(sheng)工(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)案》（以下簡稱《工(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)案》）。這是當前和今后一個時期(qi)我省(sheng)土壤污染防治(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)的行(xing)動綱領。
《工(gong)作方案》明確要(yao)求出臺(tai)《四川省農(nong)用地土(tu)壤環(huan)境(jing)管理(li)辦法》。2017年9月25日，國家《農(nong)用地土(tu)壤環境管理辦(ban)法（試行）》發(fa)布(bu)，我省(sheng)隨即啟動我省(sheng)《辦(ban)法》的(de)編制工作，依據2018年9月初頒發(fa)的(de)《土(tu)壤污染防治法》并(bing)參照其他省(sheng)份(fen)的(de)管理經驗，結合我省(sheng)實際，制定并(bing)印發(fa)了(le)《辦(ban)法》。
《辦法》的出臺，將為我省農(nong)用(yong)地土壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)管理工(gong)作提(ti)供依據，對保護農(nong)用(yong)地土壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)、管控農(nong)用(yong)地土壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)風險(xian)、保證農(nong)產品質量安全(quan)具有(you)重要意義。
二(er)、主要制度
一是污(wu)(wu)染預防制(zhi)度。根據工礦企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)分布情況、行業(ye)(ye)(ye)類別及污(wu)(wu)染物排放情況，確定(ding)土壤環境(jing)重(zhong)點監(jian)管單位，明確監(jian)管重(zhong)點。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部門(men)應(ying)當引(yin)導農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)者合理使用(yong)肥料、農(nong)藥(yao)、獸藥(yao)、農(nong)用(yong)薄膜等農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)入品，防止農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)對農(nong)用(yong)地的污(wu)(wu)染。
二是調查和監(jian)測制(zhi)(zhi)度。省生態環境主管部門會同農(nong)業農(nong)村等主管部門按照國家部署每十(shi)年開展一次農(nong)用地土(tu)壤污染狀況調查；統一規劃全省農(nong)用地土(tu)壤環境質量監(jian)測點(dian)位，制(zhi)(zhi)定監(jian)測方案，組(zu)織落實我省農(nong)用地土(tu)壤環境監(jian)測工作(zuo)。
三是土壤環境質量類(lei)別劃(hua)分制度(du)。省(sheng)級農(nong)業農(nong)村、生態環境主管部(bu)門會同自然資源部(bu)門根據國家有(you)關技術規范(fan)，將全(quan)省(sheng)耕地劃(hua)分為優先保護類(lei)、安全(quan)利用類(lei)和嚴格管控類(lei)，劃(hua)分結果報省(sheng)人(ren)民政府(fu)審定(ding)。
四是分類(lei)管理制度。將符合條件(jian)的優(you)先(xian)保護類(lei)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)劃為永久基本農(nong)(nong)田，實行嚴格(ge)(ge)保護。對安全(quan)利用類(lei)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村部(bu)門組(zu)織制定安全(quan)利用方案，報(bao)所在地(di)人民(min)政府批(pi)準后實施(shi)。對嚴格(ge)(ge)管控(kong)類(lei)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村部(bu)門會同生態(tai)環(huan)境、林業(ye)和草原等主管部(bu)門依(yi)法提(ti)出劃定特定農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)禁止(zhi)生產(chan)區(qu)域的建(jian)議，鼓勵采(cai)取種植(zhi)結構調整或者退耕(geng)(geng)還(huan)林還(huan)草等風險管控(kong)措施(shi)。
五是(shi)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)共享制度。各級(ji)生態環(huan)境、自然資源(yuan)、農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村部(bu)門(men)充分利用(yong)(yong)全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地土(tu)壤環(huan)境管理信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)系統，加強農(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地土(tu)壤環(huan)境管理信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)統計計劃，健全農(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地土(tu)壤環(huan)境管理信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)檔案，定期上傳農(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地環(huan)境信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)系統，實行部(bu)門(men)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)共享。
三(san)、防止工業污染農用地
一是強(qiang)化(hua)空(kong)間布局(ju)管控(kong)。嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)在優先保(bao)護類耕地(di)集(ji)中區域新建有色金屬冶煉、石油加工(gong)、化(hua)工(gong)、焦化(hua)、電(dian)鍍、制(zhi)革等行業(ye)企業(ye)，有關生態環境主管部門依(yi)法(fa)不予審批可能造成耕地(di)土壤污染的建設(she)項目環境影響報告(gao)書或者報告(gao)表。
二是(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環境監(jian)測預警(jing)。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)農(nong)用地(di)土(tu)壤污染風險較大(da)的區域(yu)，特別是(shi)重點監(jian)管單位、工(gong)業園(yuan)區周(zhou)邊以及(ji)污水灌溉區、有(you)毒有(you)害物質生產、貯存、利用及(ji)處置的設施等周(zhou)邊農(nong)用地(di)土(tu)壤的監(jian)測，作為環境執法和(he)風險預警(jing)的依據。
三(san)是強(qiang)化執法監管。加強(qiang)對企業(ye)事業(ye)單位和其(qi)他生產(chan)經營者排污行為(wei)的(de)監管，將土壤污染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)作(zuo)為(wei)環境執法的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要內容(rong)。以有(you)色(se)金(jin)屬礦采選(xuan)、有(you)色(se)金(jin)屬冶煉(lian)、電鍍、制革等行業(ye)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點，嚴格執行鎘、汞、砷、鉛、鉻等重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬污染(ran)(ran)物排放標(biao)(biao)準，落實相關總(zong)量控制指標(biao)(biao)，并(bing)切斷(duan)污染(ran)(ran)物進入農田的(de)鏈條(tiao)。繼續淘汰涉重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點行業(ye)落后(hou)產(chan)能(neng)，禁止新建(jian)落后(hou)產(chan)能(neng)或產(chan)能(neng)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過剩行業(ye)的(de)建(jian)設項目。
四是(shi)嚴格土(tu)地復墾程(cheng)序。對遺(yi)棄工業(ye)場地、未利用地等擬復墾為(wei)耕地的，縣級農業(ye)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門(men)應(ying)當會同生態環(huan)境、自然(ran)資源主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門(men)開展土(tu)壤污染狀況調查評(ping)估，依法進行分類管(guan)(guan)理。
四、《辦法》中有哪些四川特色(se)？
一是統籌多部(bu)門協同、實現(xian)(xian)聯(lian)動(dong)監管。我省《辦法》由生態環(huan)境(jing)廳(ting)、自然資(zi)源廳(ting)、農業農村廳(ting)、林業和草原局等部(bu)門聯(lian)合發文，實現(xian)(xian)部(bu)門協調和聯(lian)動(dong)監管，更(geng)好推進農用地土壤(rang)環(huan)境(jing)管理(li)工作。
二是(shi)明確(que)(que)重點工(gong)作、強化(hua)責(ze)(ze)任分工(gong)。我省農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)管(guan)理辦法強化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)分類施(shi)策，進(jin)一步細化(hua)、明確(que)(que)各部門責(ze)(ze)任和分工(gong)，對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)類別劃分、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)分類管(guan)控、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業投入品使用(yong)(yong)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)面(mian)源管(guan)理、工(gong)業污(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治、灌(guan)溉水管(guan)理、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量監(jian)測(ce)等(deng)重點工(gong)作進(jin)行(xing)細化(hua)和規范。如明確(que)(que)自(zi)然資源廳在基(ji)本農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田劃定工(gong)作中的監(jian)管(guan)職責(ze)(ze)，市級(ji)生態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、水利、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)主(zhu)管(guan)部門在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田灌(guan)溉用(yong)(yong)水方面(mian)的管(guan)理要求等(deng)。
三是緊跟土壤法新(xin)要求。我(wo)省辦法緊扣土壤法、立足我(wo)省實際，在農用(yong)地(di)(di)環境(jing)質量監(jian)測、污染預防(fang)、分類管理、已(yi)污染農用(yong)地(di)(di)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)管控與(yu)修(xiu)復等方(fang)面做出了(le)明確規定。
五(wu)、已開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)工作(zuo)和將采取(qu)的(de)措施
土壤污染與農(nong)產品質量密切相關，土壤環境質量是農(nong)產品感全的重要保障(zhang)。
近年(nian)來，主要開展了以下工(gong)作：一(yi)是(shi)按照(zhao)國家農(nong)用(yong)地(di)(di)詳查(cha)部署，在我(wo)省主要農(nong)業區(qu)和農(nong)產品產地(di)(di)開展了農(nong)用(yong)地(di)(di)土壤環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)詳查(cha)和農(nong)產品質(zhi)量(liang)檢測；目前(qian)布點、采樣及(ji)測試分析等工(gong)作均已(yi)按計劃完成(cheng)，詳查(cha)成(cheng)果正在集成(cheng)匯總。二是(shi)啟動了一(yi)批重金屬(shu)污(wu)染耕地(di)(di)修(xiu)復(fu)及(ji)農(nong)作物(wu)種(zhong)植(zhi)結構調整(zheng)試點，探(tan)索可借鑒、可復(fu)制、可推廣的重金屬(shu)污(wu)染耕地(di)(di)治(zhi)理模式和體制機制。三(san)是(shi)加(jia)大工(gong)業重金屬(shu)污(wu)染治(zhi)理力度。“十二五”期間，我省制(zhi)定并實施了《四川(chuan)省重金屬污(wu)染(ran)綜合防治“十二五”規劃》，超額(e)完(wan)成重點區(qu)域重點重金屬污(wu)染(ran)物排放總量任務目(mu)標。
下一步(bu)，將對四(si)川(chuan)省農(nong)(nong)(nong)用地(di)(di)土壤環境(jing)(jing)質量類別(bie)進行(xing)劃(hua)定，實(shi)施(shi)四(si)川(chuan)糧（油）、蔬菜主產(chan)縣農(nong)(nong)(nong)用地(di)(di)土壤環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)方案(an)，進一步(bu)保(bao)護(hu)優先(xian)保(bao)護(hu)類及基本(ben)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)區(qu)土壤環境(jing)(jing)質量安全(quan)(quan)；以重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)污染(ran)耕(geng)地(di)(di)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，制(zhi)定受污染(ran)耕(geng)地(di)(di)安全(quan)(quan)利用技術方案(an)，推(tui)動(dong)水稻、糧油等(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)作(zuo)物污染(ran)耕(geng)地(di)(di)治理試(shi)點(dian)(dian)示(shi)范；開(kai)展四(si)川(chuan)省受污染(ran)耕(geng)地(di)(di)特定農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品禁(jin)止生產(chan)區(qu)劃(hua)定及種植結構調整，嚴控農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質量安全(quan)(quan)。落實(shi)《省土十條(tiao)》要求，加(jia)大(da)產(chan)業(ye)結構調整力度(du)，強化環境(jing)(jing)執法監管。開(kai)展涉重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)企業(ye)排(pai)查，切斷重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)污染(ran)進入農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)的途徑(jing)，降(jiang)低糧食鎘重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)超標(biao)風險。
六(liu)、社會公(gong)眾如何參(can)與
《辦法》中明(ming)確鼓勵公民、法人和其(qi)他(ta)組織參與(yu)和監督(du)農用(yong)地土壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)防治工作，對污(wu)(wu)染(ran)農用(yong)地土壤(rang)的行為，均(jun)有向(xiang)各級生態環境(jing)和其(qi)他(ta)負有土壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)防治監督(du)管理職責的部門報告或者舉(ju)報的權利(li)。
